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Asclepios and Telesphoros (1) |
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About the origin of the healing god Asklepios and its close relationship to Apollo, the scholars argue. Asklepios cult sites in connection with thermal springs were particularly popular in Thrace. The etymology of the name and its Thessalian homeland, Trikka, could allude to a Thracian authorship of the deified Asclepius. Incidentally, his gnomish companion Telesphorus - "who brings it to the [good] end" - always in Thracian costumes with a hooded coat.
From the time of the Roman occupation of the country comes the votive tablet presented here: on the left in the picture the healing god ASKLEPIOS (say Aesculapius, since we are no longer in the Greek but in the Roman period), right next to him the barefoot TELESPHOROS in his typical cape coat ,
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Antique medicine |
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Asclepios and Telesphoros (2) |
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TELESPHOROS - who carries the goal - the perfector who brings the end of suffering, the genius of recovery who helps to find a happy ending to any project ... Telesphorus was thought of as the genius of the hidden or secret life force, or as a deity who protected the convalescents against relapses into their previous illness, often alongside the Aesculapius, or between him and the Hygiea "as a small, barefoot boy covered in a mantle and covering his head with his cap, which signifies the hidden and mysterious, almost veiled power which the boy represents, may also be expressed by the fact that the greatest caution is exercised in recovery in the clothing ".
Telesphoros was worshiped primarily along the coast of Asia Minor and in the Black Sea basin. Related to him is EUAMERION, the demon of the "good day", d. H. the happy crisis of the disease. Temple in Smyrna and Pergamos.
The personified cupping head?
The coin presents an exquisitely preserved coin, made under Emperor Caracalla [* 188; Emperor of 211-217 AD] in the province of Thrace in Trajanopolis [today Rekna Devia / Bulgaria] was coined (so-called provincial coinage):
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Antique medicine |
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Blood lancets |
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The medical use of these instruments is little secured by archaeological finds. Künzl writes that "bloodletting instruments were frequent in antiquity". If there are few among the grave finds, it is either a coincidence of preservation or the instruments are present, but we do not recognize them "(*).
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Antique medicine |
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Cataract needle (?) |
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Needles can only be interpreted as medical instruments if they are found in connection with other instruments that are clearly used for medical purposes. Basically, needles with oehr used for suturing wounds are distinguished from needles without oehr. The thickening of the needle, the Milne (*) at the top suspected "round the tip", this thickening was of course on the handle so that it was firmly in the hand. In a grave in Reims, whose ointment punches and collyrines clearly characterize the tomb as the last resting place of an eye species, found a set consisting of 9 needles made of steel, which were interchangeable - so in principle similar to the scalpels, their knives were also interchangeable. You have to distinguish hollow needles from solid needles. The latter are likely to be star needles used to force the clouded lens out of the optical axis of the eye. Hollow needles indicate that one tried - although without much success - to suck the lens out of the eye (sucking with the mouth?), A technique that the Arabs later tried and soon gave up again, as inconclusive ...
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Antique medicine |
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Roman cautery |
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The red-hot needle-shaped tip made it possible to burn out wounds and stop bleeding. The angling of the needle prevented a too deep penetration of the probe into the wound with the risk of a constriction of deep-seated veins and arteries ...
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Antique medicine |
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Cupping glas |
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Bronze Roman cupping pots are exhibited in several European museums. They come from so-called "doctor's graves" and represent as "pars pro toto" the entirety of the instruments of the doctor dar. They all have a slim mushroom shape - the round top is sharply separated from the neck and can have a ring for hanging. exhibits:
As a particularly "vitrinefähig" we present a "Roman" cup of unknown provenance, purchased in a Canadian antique shop in Ottawa / Ontario (Certificate of Authenticity) - the previous owner had acquired it in the early 60s in New York. Typical bell-shaped vessel body with distinct neck. Height 8.3 cm. The edge is rounded, often also bent back outward. This avoids a painful pressure of the edge on the skin and achieves a good seal. Whether real or fake, we dare not decide - you ask Mr Künzl, you do not need to wait for the answer to know that he is unreal! Be that as it may, the subject stimulates discussion about medical practice 2000 years ago. |
Antique medicine |
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Drill (?) |
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It is conceivable to use such a fine drill in woodwork, or decorating pottery. But also in dentistry, one could settle the instrument - far more daring instruments are offered in medical collections as dental cutlery ...
Total length of the drill: 156 mm, diameter of the drill head: 3 mm
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Antique medicine |
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Drill bit |
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The surgical trepan represents a special form of the trephine - also other occupations such as the sculptor, the Trepane used to roundish structures, such as eyes, hair curls, etc. represent.
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Antique medicine |
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Heart scarab |
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Hook and drill |
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Many artefacts from Roman times are difficult to classify, as well as the two devices presented here:
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Lancet |
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Lat. Scalpellum, or scalpellus, in the same meaning the Romans used the word scalprum. Skalpell. "Scalepel is the most famous for all the medical instruments.
The Roman doctors once again defined a standard for the fact that the scientific have differentiate the deficiency. The finds of the scale palp. The following laddies of the spray, which are dated to be daddy. All the findings that were dated, are not older than the early Roman casual period. This could be an indication that this skal phrase is a Roman development. As form and appearance in the Empire time, no longer change, it can be assumed that the scalpel for the Roman doctors was considered mooded. The structure of the scalpel is typical of medical instruments of the Romans, because most instruments were two-sided on the one side The actual scalpel, on the other side a myttie-shaped spatula, which could be used to use the salted pallet spot.
The shape of the blades and the spatula varies very strongly from scalpel to scalpell and can be considered as specialization of the scalpel for certain tasks. The handle of the scalpel usually consists of bronze, on the other hand, iron, which explains why the scalpel usually are found without blade, since the iron blade goes fancy in the soveref as the bronze handle. To secure the blade to the handle, the rectangular shaft was provided with the narrower cut in the baffle ending in a bore. In the bore, the blade could then be fixed. Banked or shame sounded sounds could be replaced without having to dispose of the complete scalpel. Since the scalp handles were partly small artworks, it is only quite understandable that the blades could be replaced. The handles of the scalpel were deemed each year after the purse of the client. Often, the handles were designed with decomposing, in which a metal groove (e.g., gold or silver) was stimulated. It can be assumed that such a skalpel was already expensive to expensive in antiquity. In our current time you will have to be arousing to find a craftsman who usually staff this art. The ornaments were varied and rich by circles and dots over efeuricians up to figurative motives such as birds. In order to look more beautiful, the handles were also partly also provided with cross-casting between spatte and shank "(zit: https://www.antik-heilkunde.de/).
Several Greek and Roman reliefs overlide us the shape of the then common sorgrams, a relief from Roman casual time shows knife with round sounds and spatial handle, two knives with narrow curved blade. The round sounds could be different long and with a different curvature - depending on the purpose of use:" both tip and width knife use, not in all cases to use (to the cupping, use the curved, at the top of not to narrow Knife ("The doctor, Chap.7) More frequently than the corrosion-stage steel blades have the trades are formed, which are usually designed as spatulas. This grip form is so characteristic, which alone to be made of your surgical knife, as well as the sounds are lost, even if the blades are lost, even if the blades are lost, not even when the sounds are lost, the evenly the blades knife are lost: mostly the bronze knife handle (Lat." Manubrium Scalpelli) to a myrtle-shaped, strap splat-spot-spot, with the varices, branch breaks, or tumors after the separation of the overlying skin could be freely spread; without triggering bleeding. Some lateral rummers show inserts made of gold or silver in shaft: Cave, celebrity surgeon at work - that could be expensive! The strong, in cross-section rectangular or round handle had a slot-shaped, in rod-wide extended insert at the upper end, in which the blade was fitted with a groove - she was removed after wear and replaced by a new one. "The staff is at his one end a more or less deep cut, which soon shows in the length of the same width, but soon after the center of the staple can be tightened to scented. At his end but the cut-in spread is reversed in this way, his cross section at this point is circular. In this incision now the fitting to the fixed in the clip certain end of the blade fits in the right. The rolling widened had the purpose of being a sliding or invalidity of the blade from the strip to prevent" (*). This connection of blade and handle proved to be so much that you are in Steinshal as well as in Greece and Italy, Germany and England.
(*) Th. Meyer-Steinge and Sudhoff, history of medicine at a glance with Fig. 1922, p. 17. Location: Trier, on the so-called meat market Length 110 mm |
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Potters spatula |
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