Anesthesia


Chloroform mask (4)

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Mask from SCHIMMELBUSCH, about 1900

 

 

Anesthesia in 1907
"Mertert, July 8. (By telephone.) Last night a young man took a ticket to Manternach for the last Luxembourg-Trier train, and said to Mertert that he was waiting for the express train from Trier to Luxembourg As the train approached, the man tried to throw himself on the rails, but the officers dragged him away, and they managed to do so with the utmost effort, locking the tired, apparently insane, man into the station building, where he immediately detained everyone The gendarmes of Wasserbillig, who had been hastily requisitioned, bound the unfortunate man and took him to the doctor, where he had to be chloroformed in order to put an end to the outbursts of madness He was brought to Ettelbrück by Wasserbillig, and by all accounts, it is an insane one to do Germans who may have come from a foreign institution "(Luxemburger Wort, 30.7.1907).

 


Anesthesia was performed at the turn of the century by surgeons and nurses, so the equipment had to be easy to use, and the anesthetic used had to be well controlled. For simplicity, OMBREDANN's device was abandoned many times in 1862 in favor of the simpler SCHIMMELBUSCH mask in which ether was dropped onto a mask placed on the patient's nose, liquid ether evaporating in contact with the gauze of the mask and was inhaled by the patient ...

The MOLD BUSH MASK was stored in a metal tin, along with the matching dropper bottle.



Presented is a "chloroform mask" after SCHIMMELBUSCH *, as it still 1942 in the catalog of "Manufacture Belge de Gembloux" under the catalog no. 15323 was offered as "Masque pliant pour anesthésie au chloroforme".

 


The surgeon Curt SCHIMMELBUSCH was born on November 16, 1860 in Grossnogarth / West Prussia, he died in Berlin on 2.8.1895. After him, the mask and a drum were named for the sterilization and storage of material.

Anesthesia


Chloroform mask (5) from YANKAUER

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The YANKAUER mask consists of a fine wire mesh, 13 cm x 9 cm, with a handle. It was developed around 1910 and was described by Taylor GWATHMEY (1862-1944) as the best mask for the drip method for chloroform and ether.



Sidney Yankauer (1872-1932), an ENT surgeon and pioneer of bronchoscopy, worked at Mount Sinai Hospital in New York. He graduated in 1893. In 1916, he directed the Mount Sinai School of Medicine, and in 1927, he served as president of the ABEA (American Bronchesophagological Association) for one year. He died on August 27, 1932 in New York.
The mask presented is from the fund of Maternité Charlotte in Luxembourg.

 


A joke
Before the chloroform was invented, a dentist announced: Painless Teeth Removal! As soon as a patient stopped, he was put on a chair and the forceps were placed against his tooth. A jolt followed by a terrible roar. "Calm down, I promised you to remove the tooth without pain, that's what I think; I only gave you that jerk to demonstrate Doctor Brecher's method. "The instrument was put back in-a jerk-terrible shouting." Just be quiet, that's Dr. Reißer's method. Now sit down, you should mine Get to know the method ". Another move followed with the same result. "Please, calm down, that was Doltor Schinder's method. You do not like it? I'd like to believe that. "Now the tooth was hanging on a thread and the dentist was able to take it off painlessly, triumphantly exclaiming," You see, that's my way of removing teeth painlessly, you can now use them compare to the other three gentlemen - two thaler, if you please. " (Luxemburger Wort from 17.5.1888).



This message looks damned like an April Fool's joke, but was none:
"One writes from Schwerin: In these days shooting attempts are made in the proximity of our city with completely new projectiles, which are intended to be led into the field against the" ball syringe "; It is expected that these will be extremely successful, for the shooting attempts are in fact to the full satisfaction of the Commission ad hoc, which consists of several artillery officers, under the presidency of the Chief of the Engineering Staff, Schultze. The grenade is made of cast iron and has a double wall of only 3 / 8tel strength. The space between the mantle and the actual grenade body is filled with nitro-glycerine, which is known to explode by percussion. The inner garnet contains about 100 small glass spheres of 3 / 8ths of diameter and 1 / 16th of a wall, which are filled with concentrated chloroform. As soon as the bullet explodes in front of an enemy column, the glass spheres spread over the ground and are crushed by the advancing soldiers, who, as a result of the anesthetic mediated by the evaporating chloroform, either immediately sink or become stupefied or weakened and half-powerless fall into the hands of their opponents of which they are unarmed, helpless as they are disarmed. The ingenious construction of the projectile, by virtue of which the glass spheres do not disperse over a circular surface, but spread out before the enemy's front in a line at right angles to the orbit of the ball, is still the inventor's secret, and will probably remain so. One of these shells is enough to make the entire crew of a bullet spray completely incapacitated for an hour. Since the intention is to fire on the enemy Generalstad at a distance too, for the purpose very large-scale artillery of 2½ bore and hollow projectiles of the same system have been constructed, which, however, instead of the chloroform a very volatile KantharidenTinctur [l'inclura cantharidis volubilis). As soon as they have burst in the midst of the general staff stationed on a commanding hill, the general and his suite are confronted with an inestimable sense of philanthropy and mutual consideration, which causes complete confusion. But there is still the ball syringe whose moral impression is so generally feared. It is hoped that the enemy army, seized by the impression of the surprising scene, will take flight! "(Luxemburger Wort, 18.5.1867).

Anesthesia


Chloroform mask (6)

Chloroform-Maske (...
Chloroform-Maske (...
 

 

  

From the estate of the physician Camille GLAESENER (1887-1952) this mask comes from ESMARCH with its original cover made of flannel cloth (in our case with moth infestation). On the back, this cover was "hooked" to a button near the handle.
Disadvantage of this covering: the chloroform came in contact with the skin and irritated it.



"Murder in narcosis
"In the Rothen-Kreuzspitale (where?) A painful operation on a patient was to be carried out a few days ago, one was given the same chloroform, but the patient, an exceptionally well-built man and drinker, woke up from the anesthesia immediately after the first cut he was furious, and he snatched the razor-sharp knife from the doctor, and, although several persons were present, the patient had, before he could be restrained, Professor Ragout, and a twenty-year-old nun, who helped out as a nurse, stabbed him to the heart The two-time murderer was taken to the inquisitive hospital and handcuffed there, and as the doctors recognized that anesthesia was impossible, the man was fully conscious of the operation, which was favorable, and the professors believe that the killer will recover as soon as possible Already one deals with the question, whether the murderer will not go unpunished, since the That in half unconscious state has been accomplished "(Obermoselzeitung of 8.10.1889).

Anesthesia


Mask from McCARDIE

McCARDIE 1
 

 

William Joseph McCardie (1865-1939) was England's first anesthesiologist to live outside of the capital, London, exclusively by administering narcosis. One of his peculiarities was to demand the same fee as the surgeon - in the industry it is usual to settle for half! Unlike other narcotists, he used only sterilized masks. The mask developed by him served to induce anesthesia by ether, and b. to add some chloroform. He was from 1910-12 the second president of the Royal Society of Medecine was "tutor in anaestetics" at the University of Birmingham from 1912-1920.


Around 1900, McCARDIE developed the mask named after him, which made his work easier and did not bother the patient: "as safe as possible for the patient and at the same time as easy as I can for myself", as he put it. The many solder joints indicate that one of the weak points of the wire rack was its instability. Also, the four arches at the top center were gathered together by means of a thread when we bought the mask 2017 on Ebay (origin: Cheraw, South Carolina, USA). Incidentally, the seller stated "Bellamy-mask".



A mask of the same type is exhibited in London at the Museum of Anesthetics Society: "McCrappie Ether Mask is in the Association Museum, having been published by the Australian Society." McCardie invented several pieces of apparatus including a sterilizable rebreathing bag and a sterilizable ether inhaler. Skinner describes the situation of every patient in the same mouthpiece, tube and chamber ... Sweet seventeen makes a bearded devotee of Bacchus , saturated with the smell of cigars and exhalations of cognac '.

 


Quick another mess
The practice of a dental technician was subject to the judgment of the Potsdam Criminal Division these days, on which on the 4th of August the cook Marie Pätzholz had intentionally damaged her health by a life-threatening treatment Dental technician (former barber) Gustav Strietzel from Potsdam had to answer The cook Marie Pätzholz, who in Potsdam in the "Café Sanssouci" was active, was on 3 August dI tormented by great toothache, and went to the defendant, who brought her back for the next day, to chloroform her in the presence of a doctor. Strietzel had the Dr. med. Frank, who also tried for about 33 minutes to put the patient in a narcotic state. Although these attempts were very cautious, the Pätzholz was so dazed that Dr. Frank stopped because he realized that chloroforming was unsuccessful in the patient, and dangerous if it were done more severely. Nevertheless Dr. Frank ordered that P. not be allowed to take a drop of chloroform any more. After the removal of the doctor, the defendant pressed the patient's mask, soaked in chloroform, firmly on the pen, saying: "Now let's do it alone. the young physicians are always far too anxious. "Patzwood then fell into a deep anesthetic, which lasted more than an hour, in which Strietzel took out 13 teeth, and when the patient awoke and paid 14 marks for the business she became as if in the dream home and became seriously ill as a result of the anesthesia, continued vomiting occurred, and the paw-wood suffered from dizziness and headache, so that Dr. Alberti, to whom she turned, found chloroform intoxication finally forced to leave her position and was incapacitated for work until mid-September, when Dr. Frank learned from her later, he brought Strietzel The prosecutor applied for the same eight-month prison sentence. The verdict of the court was confined to 3 months, for negligent assault without professional duty "(Luxemburger Wort, 3.12.1891).

Anesthesia


Chloroform, bill 1854

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   "Chloroform, Formylchlorid, eine Verbindung des Formyls mit Chlor, wird erhalten, indem man eine Mischung von Chlorkalk, Wasser und Weingeist einer Destillation unterwirft. Das C. wird als betäubendes Mittel sowohl vor chirurg. Operationen, als in Krankheiten bei heftigen Schmerzen angewendet" (Herders Conversations-Lexikon; 1854, Bd. II, S. 96).


..... no proof so for a tracheostomy, chloroform was a painkiller and anesthetic!

 

1854 played in the family Charles METZ (1799-1853) from a drama: first the father, then the daughter was carried away.
"Le 23 avril 1853, en compagnie de ses deux frères [Norbert (1811-1855) and August (1812-1854)] et de ses filles, il [Charles Metz] se rendit à Diekirch auprès de sa belle-mêre où sa fille Adéline, âgée de 11 ans, était gravement malade d'une fièvre muqueuse.Le pronostic des médecins ne laissant plus aucun espoir, il eut a rupture d'anévrisme qui occasionna sa mort le lendemain, dans la maison de Vannérus.La petite adéline succomba trois semaines plus tard "(J. Mersch, Biographie nationale, 1963 tome XIII pp. 429-486).

 

Charles Metz died on 24 April 1853 - the aortic rupture was such a foudroyantes events that it did not come to the use of drugs. In the treatment of the daughter, however, the treating physicians must have experienced agony when administering the chloroform, since only recently the English physician John SNOW (1813-1853) described deaths:
"Remarks on the fatal case of inhalation of chloroform". London Med. Gazette, vol. 41, Feb. 18, 1848, pp. 277-278.

"On the fatal cases of inhalation of chloroform". Edinburgh Med. & Surg. Jour., Vol. 72, July 1849, pp. 75-87.

"Deaths from chloroform in Scotland." Medical Times Gazette 4 (1852): 598-99. [Ltr. to ed., June 1852]

"Death from chloroform in a case of fatty degeneration of the heart". Med. Times and Gazette, n. S. vol. 5, Oct. 9, 1852, pp. 361-362.

  It was reassuring to learn that in 1853 Queen Victoria had wished for chloroform anesthesia in the delivery of her eighth child - and that she had survived both birth and anesthesia; Chloroform also proved its worth at the front, as did the British and Turkish soldiers of the Korean War (Florence Nightingale), which was raging just in these days.


  The little adéline survived the chloroform but not the "fièvre muqueuse" (possibly a severe form of diphtheria). On January 1, 1854, the heirs of Metz received the bill of the Diekircher Apotheker August NELLES (1812-1913) for the medicines he had given during the sick days of the little ones. We see that the baby was ill since April 12 and was treated until May 8, with: - external use pills,
- ointment, flax flour, mustard flour,
- syrup with iodine iron,
- mixtures (not described in detail),
- rubber,
- almond syrup,
- Clysters,
- mouthwash,
- rubbings, serves, patches.
Rubber Olibani, gum Galbani and gum Myrrhae in the form of vaginal suppositories was a common remedy for adnexitis and salpingitis. Jodeisen (French iodure de fer) recorded 11 centimes at the rate of 5 francs - at that time it was the most effective remedy for the treatment of "weak, scrofulous individuals" and for arson. It was also prescribed for amenorrhoea and the white river ...

 


Bernhard-August NELLES was born in Kilburg in Prussia in 1812. On 10.2.1836 he was accepted in Arlon as a pharmacist. In Diekirch he took over the pharmacy of Jean-Guillaume KROMBACH in 1850, when he moved to Ettelbrück. He later transferred the officist to his son, died in 1913 in Diekirch in the respectable age of 101 years ...

Anesthesia


Chloroform, transport

abb1250

Vierkantflasche 

 

 

Chloroform was produced in 1831 independently by Justus von Liebig and Eugène Soubeiran. After his narcotic effect had been recognized as early as 1842 by the British physician Robert Mortimer Glover and 1847 by the French physiologist Marie Jean Pierre Flourens and the Scottish obstetrician James Young Simpson, it was the merit of the latter, Chloroform a year later in the medical Introduce practice and spare countless patients surgical pain (text Wikipedia). Chloroform has long been an important anesthetic. The danger emanating from him (damaging to health) was underestimated for many years.

 


Chloroform decomposes on exposure to sunlight and atmospheric oxygen to hydrogen chloride and the extremely toxic phosgene - therefore the storage in brown bottles and is stored in darkness if possible. In addition, some of the liquid is added to the liquid as a stabilizer (1% strength solution), since this eventually eliminates phosgene formed with formation of carbonic and chloroformic acid esters

 


Reading
"Nobody in the fine company of Edinburgh misses the invitation to attend a dinner party with James Young Simpson in 1847. The popular and versatile doctor always entertains his guests with scientific cabinet bits." German chemist Justus Liebig first produced it sixteen years ago: chloroform, the vial goes round and round, and everyone who smells it sinks down on the carpet asleep to the fun of others, so it's no surprise that the gynecologist finally turns to the The idea is to test the miraculous party drug in its delivery room for its effectiveness as an anesthetic.
Simpson then constructed a wire frame covered with fabric. On November 9, 1847, he puts the mask over an expectant mother's mouth and nose for the first time, drizzles it with chloroform and releases the completely anesthetized woman from a healthy child without pain. Despite the resounding success, Simpson has been struggling for years to spread its discovery. Above all, the Anglican church is railing against the supposed disregard of the divine will. In the agony of birth, the clerics see the just punishment for Eve's fall. Six years later Simpson made his breakthrough when Queen Victoria, head of the English state church, gave birth to her eighth child under chloroform general anesthesia. However, it takes decades before the pain-free birth "à la reine" (after Queen's style) not only benefits upperclass ladies but can revolutionize midwifery worldwide "(WDR, broadcast on 09 November 2007 - before 160 Years: first childbirth with chloroform anesthesia).
"Mariánské Lázně, June 9. (Priv.) A health-care guest came to a pharmacy yesterday and ordered a remedy." In an unsupervised moment he drank from a chloroform apothecary bottle and died instantly. "It is the 32-year-old resident of Germany Kaufmann Michael Vlachos "(Innsbruck News, June 9, 1932) ...



Accidents with chloroform were not uncommon (fatal cardiac arrhythmias, liver failure). Nevertheless, in a first phase, the sweet-smelling chloroform displaced aether as anesthetic in many places. It only disappeared from the operating theaters after World War II, when more modern means became available. Already in 1936 we read of Evipan narcosis: "Proven in my dental practice more than 400 anesthetics by a Luxembourg doctor practiced. (Evipan and Aether anesthesia) in dental surgery, tooth extraction, gold seals, Knippstahlgebisse Dentist Syré -Thinnes, Wasserbilligerbrück, Villa to the beautiful view Admitted to all German health insurances 22 years self-employed, 8 years on the bridge, office hours daily until 7 am, Sundays until 4 am "(Luxemburger Wort, 1.3.1936). This Evipan was only in 1932 in the trade!
Progressive remedies in some, conservative anesthetics in others: as late as 1975, the respected Luxembourg doctor Emil GRETSCH (1908-2004) in the Maternité Gr-D. Charlotte "narcoses à la reine" by ...

 


We show here a 19.0 x 8.5 cm square, brown chloroform bottle from the early 20th century, acquired on a street market in Remich / Mosel on 15.8.2012. Significantly rarer than round are such square bottles.

hen 20. Jahrhundert, erworben auf einem Strassenmarkt in Remich/Mosel am 15.8.2012. Deutlich seltener als runde sind solche Vierkantflaschen.

Anesthesia


Ether, apparatus (1) by OMBREDANNE

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Which sensations and feelings connect with an old reflex hammer, a therapy couch, a heat bottle, a glass syringe or an anesthetic mask? For a long time, no doctor was disappeared an idea of pain. Michael Faraday, a Davy's student, discovered the dazzling ether-damage 1801, which had already discovered Paracelsus in the 16th century without us. Only in 1842 Crawford W. Long (1815-1878), an American vicinity of Jefferson, led a first intervention, a tumor cutting, under aether prosecosis - his pioneering performance was not publicly recognized. Jackson in Boston had a randomly invalidity of ether in unconsciousness and deep sleep and followed this appearance. The two American dentists Horace Wells and W.T.G. Morton first worked with laughs (1844), then also aether (1845/46) in practice to draw painless teeth. The American dentists Horace Wells and Williamg. Morton experimented from 1844 with aether, on 16.10.1846 Morton led the Badstonian in the Boston, the first clinical prospects, historical etheric aerosis by a patient with a gatebor, in December of the same year, the London's surgeon Robert Liston turned the method for the first time in Europe, and ampute a thigh. October 16, 1846 - the famous "Aethetag", where William Thomas Morton (1819-1868) in Boston had aheads to stun a patient's chief surgeon John Collins Warren. Even as with this first successful demonstration of an etheric award of the breakthrough for a quick-spreading introduction of generalization for operational purposes, it was not missing on critical voices. Louis Ombredanne (1871-1956) was surgeon in Paris, where he promoted in particular childhood surgery and developed trend-setting techniques, for the operation of hypospadie. The device in 1908 of him for the aethearian aid is made of a hollow metal ball filled with gauze.

Anesthesia


Ether apparatus (2) OMBREDANNE

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A second, very similar device belonged to Dr. PRIM, who practiced in Luxembourg from 1919-1974. The mask is now partially made of rubber and nestles better on the patient's face.

 



In France, the ethereal sphere of OMBREDANNE was used from 1908 on. The "Ombrédanne" reached Germany in a detour via Lithuania and Argentina with a time delay of 19 (!) years compared to France. After that, he found great attention in the literature and a long, until the end of the 2nd World War continued proliferation in the civil and military field.
"Cet appareil a dominé la pratique de l'anesthésie en Europe durant plus de cinquante ans, avant l'introduction of the techniques modern après la Seconde Guerre mondiale" Les qualités de l'appareil d'ombrédanne ont contribué à retarder l'anesthésie moderne en France.


DESCRIPTION DE L'APPAREIL D'OMBREDANNE
Cet appareil doit être considéré comme un robinetà trois voies conduisant: 1) the premiere à l'air libre
2) la seconde dans un sac en baudruche, réservoir d'air confiné
3) la troisième dans un réservoir rempli d'éponges imbibées d'éther.
L'appareil se compose d'une sphère (a) remplie d 'éponges imbibées d'éther, générateur de l'appareil. Cette sphère est traversée transversalement par un tube diamétral aboutissant par une extrémité au sac en vessie de porc ou en caecum de boeuf, par l'autre, à l'air extérieur; l'ouverture à l'air extérieur se fait par des fenêtres tracées en escaliers. Sur ce tube s'ouvrent latéralement: 1) deux cheminées g et g 'servant l'une à l'entrée et l'autre à la sortie de l'air respiré; une demi cloison en chicane r, force l'air à se répandre dans la sphère, au lieu de passer directe un un cheminée à l'autre. 2) un tube h qui va au masque d'inhalation. 3) une voie détournée j qui part du tube h et va au tube diamétral. Dans le tube diamétral tourne un boisseau creux cloisonné et percé de fenêtres 0, 01, 02, à ouverture progressive; La fenêtre 02 est toujours ouverte.
Les mouvements de ce boisseau se traduisent par le déplacement d'un indexe de une graduation chiffrée de o à 8.
A la position 0: les fenêtres g et g 'sont fermées, k et 01 ouvertes en grand. Il entre dans le masque d'inhalation, beaucoup d'air frais et peu d'air confiné; il n'y pénètre d'éther que ce qui filtre à travers les fenêtres g et g 'fermées.
A la position 4: position moyenne: la fenêtre k est semi fermée, g, g 'et 01 semi ouvertes. Il entre dans le masque d 'inhalation de l' air frais, the vapeurs d'éther venues du sac a confinement, saturées par la traversée de l'air de l'air confiné contenant des vapeurs d'éther mais venu par la voie détournée 01 j, sans se saturer dans la sphère.
A la position 8: la fenêtre k est ouverte au minimum, g et g 'sont ouvertes en grand; j est fermée.Il entre dans le masque à inhalation:
un peu d'air frais -
the vapeurs d'éther saturées par leur passage dans la sphère et venues du sac.
Les éponges, fournissant une énorme surface d'évaporation, sont indispensables et ne peuvent pas être substitées par de l'éther libre.
L'appareil n'est pas lourd: deux anneaux placés sur les côtés du masque permettent en y mettant les pouces, the subluxer la mandibule, et d'appliquer le masque sur le visage du patient. L'aiguille étant à 0, on ouvre l'orifice supérieur, et on vers sur les éponges 150g d'éther. On incline la sphère dans tous les sens, puis on la renverse; tout doit être absorbé par les éponges. On reterme l'orifice et on applique le masque sur la face, toujours l'aiguille à 0. On le laisse deux minutes dans cette position en recommandant au malade de souffler fortement. Puis, de minute en minute, on progress d'un degré sur l'index. On monte jusqu'à 6 pour les hommes et jusqu'à 4 pour les femmes. On attend une à deux minutes que la résolution soit complète, puis on redescend au cipher d'entretien qui sera de 4 pour les hommes et 3 pour les femmes ».
L'appareil d'Ombredanne a continué à être utilisé alors que l'on disposait déjà des moyens moderne d'anesthésie:
Trailer la campagne d 'Afrique du nord de 1943, avant l'utilization du vaporisateur OXFORD.
au Vietnam in 1965, the Mekong delta, par docteur Nguyen Khac MINH, seul anesthésiste qualifié du Sud -Vietnam, et ceci avant l'utilization du vaporisateur EMO ".
Source:
www.char-fr.net/docs/materiels/ombredanne/ombredanne0.htm


In the Falklands War (England-Argentina) in the 50s, Argentine military doctors used it. In the developing countries, the OMBREDANNE was still used in the 70s and 80s.

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Anesthesia


Ether apparatus (3)

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CPA  Lenormand, Orleans, around 1910

 

In 1824, the English surgeon Henry Hill HICKMAN (1800-1830) published a report of his painless operations in mice and young dogs, which he had previously anesthetized using carbonated, low-oxygen air. Both the British "Royal Medical Society" and the French "Académie Royale de Médicine", which he called, were hesitant and finally dismissive of his proposals for inhalation anesthesia underpinned by animal experiments - no one recognized the scope of the experiments and the possible benefits for the patients. Some members of this academy even described the attempt of pain-stuning a human being as a violation of the divine providence of pain and as an offense against morality.



In the clinic, not asphyxiation using carbon dioxide and oxygen deprivation has proven, but the supply of anesthetic gases.

 


The upper picture shows one of the operating theaters of the old "Hôtel Dieu" of Orléans - the Salle d'opération Froberville. The photographers have the sisters of the "Hôtel Dieu" put their latest achievement in front of the picture: an ethereal anesthetic ball (lower half of the picture)! Otherwise, the operating room is rather Spartan.

 


Huet de FROBERVILLE (*1752 in Romorantin, died 1838), was a member of the Académie of Orléans, "Secrétaire perpétuel" of the "Académie des belles-lettres, sciences et arts de La Rochelle". He wrote:
Essai sur la Topographie d 'Olivet, published in the Société Royale de Physique, d'Histoire Naturelle et des Arts d'Orleans, Orléans, Couret de Villeneuve, Paris, Cuchet, 1784. in-8. IV. 93pp. 1f. IV.

 

 

Anesthesia


Ether, drip (1)

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The first inhalation anesthetic in history was hashish. In fact, the ancient Scythians burned hemp seed in their tents to become intoxicated - unfortunately, the Scythians failed to introduce the hemp vapors into the surgical practice. Only the Romans discovered the analgesic effect: Pliny the Elder writes that hemp alleviates pain, and Pedanios Dioscurides reports on the effectiveness of the juice of hemp seeds against earache. From the Middle Ages to modern times, hemp has been used to reduce the amount of labor cramps and postnatal pain symptoms.



On the left in the picture a bottle with a lock, on the right in the picture a drip stopper without a stopcock - this type of bottle was closed by attaching a small cap to each opening, whereby the two copings were connected by means of chains.

 



Aether for the dying
Aether has been known since the 13th century, but found no use in medicine. "Sur la commode, autel improvisé, j'aperçus un crucifix, un rameau de buis, enfin, tous les apprêts d'un sacrue redoutable, en même temps, je sentis une odeur d'ether, ce parfum des mourans, et mon coeur se glaça, car je crus respirer une exhalaison de la tombe "(Charles de Bernard, La peine du talion, in Courrier du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg of 7.10.1846). Why is death associated with aether in this text? It can be read that ether was injected at the beginning of the 20th century to bring dying people back to life:
"Au début du xxe siècle, et surtout dans l'entre deux guerres, avec les progrès technique, certain clercs n'hésitent pas à recommander l'emploi de cordiaux (injections intraveineuses ou même intracardiaques d'éther, de caféine, d'huile camphrée d'adrénaline) ou la mise en œuvre du massage cardiaque pour ranimer le cœur défaillant des moribonds "(Maurice D'HALLUIN, Résurrection du cœur, la vie du cœur isolé, le massage du cœur, Paris, Vigot, 1904).
But that was in 1904, not 1846. We believe that Bernard allowed poetic freedom and imagined that he had "smelled" the "ethereal body" that leaves the body with death. In fact, Aether in low concentration stimulates the spinal cord with the appearance of increased reflexes. But it never succeeds in reviving vital reflexes.



As early as 1936, ether-anesthesia was recommended in the specialist press as the most harmless method for the general practitioner (Prof. G. Lotheissen, Anesthetic Methods in the Hands of the Practical Physician, in: WMW No. 16 of 18 April 1936).

Tropfflasche 2/1
Tropfflasche 2/2

Anesthesia


Ether, drip (2)

Prosper Kayser 1
 

 

Ether "pro narcosi"
- In 1842, the American Crawford Williamson LONG (1815-1878) performed a first surgical procedure under anesthesia - published his act, however, only in 1848.


- In 1846, the American dentist William Thomas Green MORTON (1819-1868) in Boston performed the world's first published general anesthetic - pulling a tooth. On the advice of the physician and chemist Charles Thomas JACKSON (1805-1880), he used ether, and set up a newly developed inhaler, the "Letheon" ...
Since it came again and again to anesthesia incidents, which was attributed to inaccurate dosage, there were the development of numerous special drip devices, which made possible a constant drop size.



Also in the non-medical environment Aether was used on a large scale, so at ... the hairdressers. When it came to accidents, the local authority Luxembourg responded:
"Mr. Hamilius points to an existing malady that he considers to be important to discuss and recalls two explosions that were caused by flammable ether in two barber shops in one year it is only by chance that no victim has been lamented so far.The hairdressers themselves agree that a prohibition on the use of flammable ether should be issued, all the more so as it is possible to obtain commercially non-flammable aether, which is however 5 - 6 Francs per liter is more expensive "(Escher Tageblatt, 26.2.1938).



Ether drip anesthesia is now obsolete. At the University Hospitals Leipzig ether was last used in a drip anesthetic in 1971 (quoted in kai.uniklinikum-leipzig.de/_patienteninfo/allg_geschichte.html

 

The presented, 9.8 cm high, 6.8 cm wide and 3.5 cm thick bottle is a gift from the anesthesiologist Prosper KAYSER, who worked from 1965 to 1998 in the Zithaclinik in Luxembourg.

Anesthesia


Ether, transport (1)

abb1324
 

 

Synonyma: aether ad narcosin, aether anestheticus ethers per narcosi.


Abbr. Ae. per narcosi, anesthetic ether; English: anesthetic ether. According to pharmacopoeia, a purified diethyl ether (Ae.ethylicus), i. free from acetone, aldehydes, peroxides, sulphurous acid and the like other free acids, with stabilizer additive. Must be dry, protected from light, cool u. kept tightly closed (with metal foil coated cork).

 


Because of danger of explosion despite large therapeutic width (lethality about 0.3 ‰) u. weak muscle relaxant effect in industrialized countries only historically interesting.

 


History
Within Germany, the first ethereal anesthesia occurs on January 24, 1847 by Heinrich E. Weikert and Carl F.E. Above in Leipzig for use. On the same day, Johann Ferdinand Heyfelder in Erlangen also used this innovative medical technology.





All bottles were made of brown (rarely green / blue) glass, as it was recognized that under the influence of light toxic changes in the ether [as well as the chloroform] could occur. The labeling of the bottles took place either in the embossing (high relief) or the etching (etching) technique. The text of our bottle was etched. Height 11.8 cm, diameter at the base 5.4 cm.
Origin: Saint-Hélène-Bondeville / Upper Normandy, 2013.