Chirurgie |
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A book (1) to start: Johannes SCULTETUS |
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Johannes SCULTETUS aka Schultes resp. Schultheiss (born 12.10.1595 in Ulm, died 1.12.1645 in Stuttgart). The father, a poor skipper, died when the boy was 5 years old. In an inn, the orphan's surgical talent was discovered by Adriaan van der SPIEGHEL (1578-1625), who immediately took him to Padua.
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Surgery |
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Amputation case |
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Antique battles were decided by means of deck, hiest, stitch and cuts in cuddles. At the latest since the introduction of the push-pile of fires in the 14th century, the desert of rubble and disorder injuries was the sad picture on the battlefields - was the settlement of limbs to the most important interventions in the war surgery. As a top table, a door fed up from the fishing. Two wizards were needed to fix the patient - the anesthesia was invented only in 1847. Operational was often "mother nature" because it was bright and ventilated before ... He beside the table burned a fire in which the chew glowed! Box (mahogany wood) with red fabric (rare blue). Brass fittings. Manufacturer: Fa. Stodart, a family business for the production of razor blades and surgical instruments, which was founded by J Stodart (1760-1823) in 1787 and will be demanded in 1839, with its son David Stodart (1779-1840) (Cit. Bennion). Fitness of the company 401 The beach in London. Interestingly, the cooperation of Michael Faraday (1791-1867) is in the time of 1818 to 1822 with James Stod (D) type in improving steel quality. By mixing silver, they produced a breakduler steel.
Lit.: James Stodart and Michael Faraday, on the Alloys of Steel, Philosophical Transactions, 112 (1822). After Paul and John-Henry Savigny he was the leading manufacturer of instruments in the UK.
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The surgeon comes to the knife mercy and puts its box together, after its taste, his preferences. One discusses the arrangement of the instruments in the future box, a contract is signed, the surgeon comes back after 4 weeks, pays and makes on the journey ... so it is that no two boxes are really identical.
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In our box, a combination of amputation and trepanization box, we find the classic content - unlike the "big boxes", which were rather on board of wars, we find no tools for the tooth and ophthaltic care: 1. Ball pitch "Bullet Extractor" to grab foreign bodies in the depth of the "wound), which was spoken. Could the found (noisy mini-globe was not found in 1840) was not ampuated. The ball was considered as high-incorporated foreign body, which would inevitably lead to deadly infection. The balls were used to rubbed with narrow or bee-wax, in the mistake of faith, that this would be the target accuracy. This resulted in a contamination of the wound through the gamble track. Only the amputation gained the real cleaning of the wound. Also bone splinters and clothes watches had to be pulled out of the wound, since weaken unwound are not sufficient enough to clean a wound (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9mxeyxca6sq). 2. Tourniquet (supplement) - in principle introduced in 1674. A targeted finger pressure on the main vessels made the same service and probably led to less nerve damage ... 3. Knife with one-sided cutting "LISTON KNIFE", especially in the "circular" method (applied). The first knives were half-mid-fear, after Loston and Syme preferred to knife by 1825, they became increasingly. 4. Knife with double-sided cutting edge ("CATLIN") were used in the space between two bones and in the "Flap" method. (Supplement). Average length of these knives 6-8 inches. 5. Large saw, "Capital saw" 6. Small saw "Metakarpal saw" 7. Tenaculum, a hook, with which the large vessels were preferred for ligature, also used as wound hooks. 8. Timer Roll. 9. Rongeur to defuse the bone edges (complement) 10. Scalpel 11. Trephine (2), Handle Separated 12. Lever with wood handle (bone liver?) 13. Brush "Bone-Brush", for removing bone dust. 14. Long metal catheter 15. tweezers (2): a width, a top. 16. Troicars (2)
Not to be used for draining abscesses was a bone saw for William Hey (1736-1819). Also provided not were clamps - which of Péan was only in 1862, which invented by Koker, the first end of the 19th century. There are no combustion tracks on the instruments: Our surgeon used his iron cold. Others preferred to bring their knives and saws to the red gut, not to sterilize them (this term did not exist then at the time), but to reach a quick blood hold of small banners. |
Surgery |
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Amputation knife (1), straight |
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In ancient Greece, it was amputated only in gangrene. Later, at CELSUS, we find the amputation "healthy".
He managed to kill three people in a single operation:
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Surgery |
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Amputation knife (2), curved |
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This curved amputation knife dates back to times when there was no general anesthetic worthy of the name and speed was trumps.
About the manufacturer |
Surgery |
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Amputation saw (1) |
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Wounded and ill soldiers died a miserable death: at the beginning of the 18th century, cripples were often hanged by their own people so that they would not fall into the hands of the enemy. But the nightmare of every soldier was amputation on the battlefield.
About the manufacturer
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Surgery |
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Amputation saw (2) by CHARRIERE |
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In the treatment of fractures, adventurous practices have been tried, and complicated splinter or multiple fractures and fracture injuries to or in joints have usually been treated simply by generous amputations.
Nothing changed in the 19th century in terms of these fundamental risks. Anesthesia became known only in the second half of the century, and antibiotics were not available until recently. Neither had the prosthetics improved significantly, nor was there something significantly new for the disabled patient. Only the 20th century will invent the invalidity pension!
If the patient did not die of blood loss during or immediately after the amputation, death often threatened him with severe infection of the wound. Not a few examples bear witness to unprecedented torments. For example, after such severe amputation infections, they attempted to treat them with further partial amputations. That may have started with the amputation of one foot and ended, after another six partial amputations, with the last high on the hip, after which the patient so maltreated finally died miserably at the infection of the last operation. |
Surgery |
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Amputation saw (3) by COLLIN |
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We are happy to talk about famous amputations, such as that of the Fimdiva Zsa Zsa Gabors, or the one of the Austrian ski racer Matthias Lanzinger, who had his right lower leg dropped off and forgot the "not performed" interventions. We gladly forget that the great impresario, dancer and musician of King Louis XIV, Jean-Baptiste LULLY (1632-1687), refused when his doctor, dr. Jean-Baptiste ALLIOT (1640-1721), son of the court physician Pierre ALLIOT (1610-1685), advised to have the right small toe amputated, which he had pierced with his baton. LULLY preferred to die with his toe ...
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Surgery |
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Anatomical tweezer |
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Small tweezers, on the inside an industry number 23.
Such tweezers are represented in all catalogs and are offered in very different lengths, ranging from 11 to 33 cm. Our tweezer measures 14.5 cm. |
Surgery |
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Anatomy model (1), by AUZOUX |
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In the 19th century, an industry developed for the growing medical teaching supplies. Anatomical wax models were sensitive; therefore the anatomists experimented with other materials.
https://www.seton.at/D95586000/Lageretiketten-aus-Papier-nummeriert.html |
Surgery |
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Anatomy model (2), hight 28 cm |
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Man darf sich die Frage stellen, was Kinder an Hand solcher Modelle lernen sollen. Möglicherweise ist der einzige Nutzen das Ablegen der Scheu vor dem "innenleben" unseres Körpers, das Ablegen eines natürlichen (?) Ekelgefühls.
Anatomisches Modell, 28 cm hoch, aus Kunststoff. Erworben 9/2016 in Innsbruck "am alten Hafen".
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Surgery |
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Anatomy model (3), 24 cm |
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Surgery |
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Anatomy, model (4) picture |
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The two-dimensional representation of the human anatomy remained unsatisfactory. This circumstance tried to remedy the "layered folding pictures" of the 16th century.
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