Anesthesia


Perfusion, salty (1)

Kochsalz 1
Kochsalz 2
Kochsalz 3
Kochsalz 4
 

 

First saline infusion using closed bottles only from 1886 by Karl Hugo KRONECKER (1839-1914) in Bern.



In a fragile glass ampoule (20 cm long, 4.5 cm thick), this salt water solution, wrapped in a double layer of cardboard, was put on the market in the 1840s ... in truly bad times, as much glass in Shards went!


Note the elegant button closure around which the doctor presumably wrapped a string to hang the ampule at the bedside or on a stand next to his patient's bed! So that the liquid flowed out on the lower side, however, the tip of the head had to be sawn off ...
"Soluté médicamenteux Soluté injectable isotonique apyrogène de Chlorure de Sodium à 9 grams for mille ml


Authorization Ministérielle D 218 "


Manufacturer: Fa. SEROCOD / Choisy.



For the first time, we come across the term pyrogens - substances that cause fever ("pyros" for fire) when injected or infused. Classical pyrogens are the decay products of bacterial cell walls consisting of polysaccharides ... These substances do not represent an infectious agent, but testify to the presence of killed microorganisms (bacteria, fungi), particles of different materials and chemical substances (eg pharmaceuticals) cause fever, circulatory and organ failure, even fatal shock. All these "pyrogens" have one thing in common: they trigger in the organism the synthesis of the formation of interleukin 1-beta, which leads to the described complications. Every doctor feared this complication when injecting fluids intravenously or subcutaneously. In 1924, SEIBERT coined the term "pyrogenic" to refer to the dangerous substance. The Belgian Albert HUSTIN studied the pyrogens when he investigated the possibilities of blood transfusion
In order to declare a solution "pyrogen-free", the solution must have been tested on rabbits (rabbit test, USA 1942) or other, complex procedures have been tested
- in vitro IPT test by Hartung and Wendel, 1995;
- in vitro limulus amebocyte lysate test (LAL).



The first "apyrogenic" solutions were manufactured in 1928 by the American physician Donald E. BAXTER (1882-1935) and patented from 1931 by the company Baxter as Vacoliter Containment, the secret of the fabrication: the solutions became sterile, above all but bottled under exclusion of air ...